Generating electricity with tomato waste

(Nanowerk News) A team of scientists is exploring an unusual source of electricity — damaged tomatoes that are unsuitable for sale at the grocery store. Their pilot project involves a biological-based fuel cell that uses tomato waste left over from harvests in Florida.
The researchers present their work today at the 251st National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS). ACS, the world’s largest scientific society, is holding the meeting here through Thursday. It features more than 12,500 presentations on a wide range of science topics.
"We have found that spoiled and damaged tomatoes left over from harvest can be a particularly powerful source of energy when used in a biological or microbial electrochemical cell," says Namita Shrestha, who is working on the project. "The process also helps purify the tomato-contaminated solid waste and associated waste water."
Shrestha is a graduate student in the lab of Venkataramana Gadhamshetty, Ph.D., P.E., at the South Dakota School of Mines & Technology. They are collaborating on this project with Alex Fogg, an undergraduate chemistry major at Princeton University. Other project collaborators include Daniel Franco, Joseph Wilder and Simeon Komisar, Ph.D., at Florida Gulf Coast University.
Tomatoes are a key crop in Florida, notes Gadhamshetty. He stresses that the project is important to the state because Florida generates 396,000 tons of tomato waste every year, but lacks a good treatment process.
Gadhamshetty began working on the topic as a professor at Florida Gulf Coast University. "The project began a few years ago when Alex visited my lab in Fort Myers, Florida, and said he was interested in researching a local problem, especially local tomatoes grown in our state and the large waste treatment issue," Gadhamshetty says. "We wanted to find a way to treat this waste that, when dumped in landfills, can produce methane — a powerful greenhouse gas — and when dumped in water bodies, can create major water treatment problems."
So, the team developed a microbial electrochemical cell that can exploit tomato waste to generate electric current. Shrestha explains, "Microbial electrochemical cells use bacteria to break down and oxidize organic material in defective tomatoes."
The oxidation process, triggered by the bacteria interacting with tomato waste, releases electrons that are captured in the fuel cell and become a source of electricity. The natural lycopene pigment in tomatoes, the researchers have found, is an excellent mediator to encourage the generation of electrical charges from the damaged fruits.
Some of their results proved to be counterintuitive. "Typical biotechnological applications require, or at least perform better, when using pure chemicals, compared to wastes," Gadhamshetty notes. "However, we found that electrical performance using defective tomatoes was equal or better than using pure substrates. These wastes can be a rich source of indigenous redox mediators and carbon, as well as electrons."
At the moment, the power output from their device is quite small: 10 milligrams of tomato waste can result in 0.3 watts of electricity. But the researchers note that with an expected scale up and more research, electrical output could be increased by several orders of magnitude.
According to calculations by Shrestha, there is theoretically enough tomato waste generated in Florida each year to meet Disney World’s electricity demand for 90 days, using an optimized biological fuel cell.
"Our research question at this time is to investigate the fundamental electron transfer mechanisms and the interaction between the solid tomato waste and microbes," Gadhamshetty notes. They plan to improve the cell by determining which of its parts — electrode, electricity-producing bacteria, biological film, wiring — are resisting the flow of electricity. Then they will tweak or replace that part.
Title
Energy Recovery from Defective Tomatoes (Culls) Using Microbial Electrochemical Systems -Evaluating Impedance Characteristics of Peel & Seed to Oxidation of Culls
Abstract
The state of Florida generates 2.3 x 108 L.year-1 of tomato wastewater (aqueous organic waste) and 3.6 x 108 kg.year-1 of defective tomatoes (solid organic waste). The defects in tomatoes are induced by worm injuries, freezing traces, and growth cracks. With the tomato production reaching 1.51 x 109 kg.year-1, the tomato processing plants and the packaging houses are expected to face a significant financial burden to accommodate the waste disposal problems. This study evaluates the feasibility of treating the defective tomatoes in microbial electrochemical systems. The particulate characteristic of peel and skin in defective tomatoes were observed to impede the cull oxidation in MES processes at higher current densities. We present a series of preliminary results based on DC voltammetry, AC impedance, and spectrophotometry tests, focusing on some of the counter-intuitive observations in this study. In general, the culls are rich in carbohydrates and indigenous redox shuttles, and they promote the performance of microbial electrochemical systems.
Source: American Chemical Society