Dec 13, 2013 |
Bioreactors on the nanoscale
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(Nanowerk News) Molecular biologists working as part of an EU-funded project have successfully developed a nano-scale bioreactor that can be controlled by adjusting the external temperature. Thanks to their small size and large surface area, the device can act as a versatile tool for tackling key medical, chemical, biological and environmental challenges.
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The 'Stimuli-responsive zipper-like nanobioreactors' (SMART) initiative developed a new generation of stimuli-responsive smart devices capable of self-switching towards advanced applications. These applications included on/off switchable biocatalysis in the fields of biology, food, health and environment.
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Scientists developed a new type of bioreactor capcapable of self control for advanced applications. The reactor was designed to be able to respond positively by building unique 'zipper' nanoarchitectures. The zipper comprised a polymeric donor branch and a polymeric receptor branch, which were assembled together with the aid of donor–receptor interaction.
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At relatively low temperatures the active donor–receptor interaction — resulting from ionic hydrogen bonding — coalesces, thereby restricting access to the bioreactor for biosubstrates. This causes a decrease in the diffusion of reactants resulting in lower activity.
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In contrast, at relatively high temperatures the hydrogen bonding is weakened and the biosubstrate becomes freely available to the bioreactor. Therefore, the external temperature acts as an on/off switchable model. The correct ratio of donor to acceptor monomers is essential for producing the optimal zipper.
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Project partners designed, developed and tested the novel bioreactor platform possessing self-control capabilities for advanced applications such as switchable biocatalysis utilising nanotechnology. SMART scientists used the technology to conduct an investigation into stimuli-responsive zipper-like nanobioreactors, which respond positively to the substrate.
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Researchers also explored the use of nanobioreactors in switchable biocatalysis and modulated protein processing. In addition, the consortium developed other novel methodologies and application strategies, including molecular self-assembly, monitoring of dynamic phase transition, and biocatalytic analysis and characterisations.
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The SMART consortium successfully developed an inexpensive, stable yet ultra-sensitive device that is fast and easy to use. This advanced technology will exploit a new generation of stimuli-responsive advanced nanomaterials to create smart nanobioreactors for use as novel biosensors.
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