| Apr 21, 2022 |
Researchers use gold nanoparticles to develop accurate rapid test for viruses
(Nanowerk News) University of Texas at Dallas researchers have developed a rapid test for viruses that can deliver results as accurate as lab tests within 30 minutes.
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Dr. Zhenpeng Qin, associate professor of mechanical engineering and corresponding author of a new study demonstrating the method, called DIgitAl plasMONic nanobubble Detection (DIAMOND), published the work in Nature Communications ("Digital plasmonic nanobubble detection for rapid and ultrasensitive virus diagnostics").
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| This illustration shows a patient sample, with virus-recognizing gold nanoparticles, moving through a laser checkpoint. The laser activates the nanoparticles on the sample, which absorbs the laser’s energy and expands and generates a vapor bubble. A large nanobubble signals the presence of a virus. (Image courtesy of the researchers)
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Qin and his team in the Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science have launched a new company, Avsana Labs, to commercialize the technology through the University’s Venture Development Center.
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While the current study focused on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Qin said the technology can be applied to other viruses, such as those that cause influenza and COVID-19. Researchers also aim to use the platform to identify cancer biomarkers.
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“If we can detect pathogens earlier, we should be able to save lives,” said Dr. Haihang Ye, research associate in mechanical engineering and co-corresponding author of the study. “Our detection is quick, accurate and sensitive.”
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The technology is 150 times more accurate than traditional rapid tests and matches the accuracy of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. The new strategy paves the way for much faster results than PCR tests, which often take a day or more for results to be determined. In addition, the tests are inexpensive and do not require complex liquid handling or extensive sample preparation.
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DIAMOND involves attaching gold nanoparticles to antibodies against the virus being tested. These combination molecules are then mixed with a patient sample from a nasal swab. If the sample contains a virus, the antibodies labeled with gold nanoparticles will bind with proteins on the virus’s surface.
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The researchers use a syringe to pump the sample into a tube called a microchannel, which is as narrow as a strand of thin spaghetti. The microchannel is mounted on a glass slide placed on a surface. As the liquid flows through the microchannel, it passes through the light of two lasers in a process that Ye compared to the way luggage moves on a conveyor to be scanned at an airport.
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“When bags go through the checkpoint, a scanner will image what’s inside of the bag, and if there’s anything suspicious, there is an alert,” he said. “That’s what we’re doing with this technology. We use two lasers: one to scan the sample and one to tell us whether there’s a virus inside.”
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The first laser activates the gold nanoparticles, which absorb the laser’s energy and expand. If the expansion is strong enough, the nanoparticle will boil the surrounding water, generating vapor bubbles. The size of the nanobubbles is what determines the test result. Large nanobubbles signal the presence of a virus.
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“If the virus is present, it will have a big nanobubble signal,” said Yaning Liu, a mechanical engineering doctoral student and co-first author of the paper. “If there’s no virus, there will be a tiny nanobubble signal from the particle only so we can differentiate the sample’s status.”
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The technology would need to receive approval from the Food and Drug Administration before it could be made available to the public. The researchers aim to bring the technology to hospitals, labs, drive-thru pharmacies and, eventually, home tests.
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